Developmental assessment is made in four broad areas during early childhood: physical or physiologic, neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and psychosocial. This area comprises the changes in physical size, shape, and function that come with age. Many of these changes can be measured, such as height, weight, skinfold thickness, head circumference, body surface area, blood counts, enzyme activities, and hormone levels. These measurements can be compared with standard values that indicate the range of normal findings. This area comprises changes in behaviour that evolve with the passage of time, particularly those changes that depend primarily upon maturation. They include some reflex activities and many gross and fine motor skills, including visuomotor and other intersensory functions. These behaviours are assessed primarily by observation, often informally, but sometimes (when the more critical appraisal is required) in a carefully structured setting.
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